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British Drone Laws 2024: A Guide to UK Drone Licencing

British Drone Laws 2024: A Guide to UK Drone Licencing

Last updated on

27th June

You’ve got a drone now, but before you take flight, there’s one crucial element you must master first. Understanding and adhering to British drone laws is not just a legal obligation—it’s essential for ensuring safety, privacy, and the responsible use of airspace.

This blog will walk you through the latest British drone laws and regulations as of 2024, ensuring you fly your drone safely and legally. Whether you’re a hobbyist or a professional, staying informed about these laws will help you avoid fines, protect privacy, and enhance your flying experience.

From obtaining your IDs to understanding insurance requirements and flight restrictions, this guide covers everything you need to know before you fly.

Overview of British Drone Laws

The UK Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) is the governing body responsible for regulating drone use. The laws aim to balance the benefits of drone technology with the need to maintain public safety and privacy. Understanding these laws is essential for anyone using drones in the United Kingdom, whether for recreational or commercial purposes. The CAA website can be found here.

Key Regulations and Requirements

Registration and IDs

Before you fly, all drone operators must register with the CAA and obtain both an operator ID and a flyer ID. You don’t need to register if your drone or model aircraft weighs less than 250g, and is either a toy or has no camera.

Operator ID: To register as a drone operator, you must be over 18. If you are under 18, a parent or guardian must register for the operator ID on your behalf. This ID must be clearly labelled on every drone or model aircraft you own. You can use the same operator ID for all your drones and model aircraft.

Flyer ID: The flyer ID shows you’ve passed a basic flying test and know how to fly safely and legally, this is free.

If your drone weighs more than 250g, it is against the law to fly a drone or model aircraft without having the required IDs. If you don’t, you could risk a fine or even prison! Luckily you’ve found this blog so you know that you can register easily here.

This is a straightforward process involving online training and a simple test for the flyer ID. Registration is mandatory for drones weighing more than 250 grams regardless of your intended use of the drone.

Operational Categories

Some drones are tiny, like the DJI Mavic Mini 4 Pro, and some are much larger like the DJI Matrice 350 RTK. If someone were to misuse such a large drone like the Matrice 350 RTK, the risk would be a lot higher than the tiny mini.

This is why drone operations in the UK are classified into three main categories based on the level of risk:

Open Category: For low-risk operations, further divided into:
- A1 (Fly Over People): For drones under 250g.
- A2 (Fly Close to People): Requires an A2 Certificate of Competency (A2 CofC). *We will touch more on this certification later.
- A3 (Fly Far from People): For drones flying in open areas away from people.
Specific Category: For more complex operations requiring an Operational Authorisation from the CAA. *We will touch more on this later too.
Certified Category: For high-risk operations, similar to manned aviation, currently under development. This includes applications under development like BVLOS, drone spraying, air taxis, drone delivery, etc.

If you’re interested in any applications included under the Certified Category, we recommend contacting one of our drone experts here. We can point you in the right direction which may be an Operational Safety Case, or something else, depending on your exact needs.

Flying Restrictions and Permissions

Now that you have your IDs, let’s zoom in on the restrictions you’ll need to consider while you are flying your drone.

Maximum Height and Distance

Drones must not be flown higher than 120m (400ft) above ground level. Pilots must maintain a visual line of sight (VLOS) with their drones at all times without using any visual aids such as binoculars, telescopes, or cameras on the drone. This ensures that the pilot has direct control over the drone and can avoid any potential hazards.

The VLOS range will differ between drone models. Smaller drones, especially those under 250g, can be more difficult to see and keep track of, potentially reducing the effective VLOS range. Larger drones are generally easier to see and can be flown at greater distances while still maintaining VLOS.

This also applies to First-Person View (FPV) drones like the DJI Avata 2. While FPV technology allows pilots to see from the drone’s perspective, it does not replace the requirement for VLOS. The pilot must still maintain visual contact with the drone.

No-Fly Zones

Flying drones near airports, military bases, or in restricted airspaces is prohibited. Always check for temporary flight restrictions (TFRs) before your flight using tools like the Drone Assist app. These restrictions are in place to prevent interference with manned aircraft and to protect sensitive areas.

This is fairly simple since most drones will have ‘Geofencing’. This is a technology used in drones and other devices to create virtual boundaries within which the device can operate. It uses GPS, RFID, Wi-Fi, or cellular data to define geographical limits and can automatically restrict or control the movement of the device based on these restricted airspaces.

Models like the Parrot ANAFI USA allow geofencing to be deactivated, enabling emergency response teams with special permissions to fly in restricted areas during missions.

Safety and Legal Considerations

Pre-Flight Checks

Pre-flight checks ensure safety, compliance, and mission success by verifying that the drone and its components are in good condition, the weather is suitable, and there are no environmental hazards. They help prevent malfunctions, legal issues, and accidents, ensuring the drone is ready for the task and the data collected is accurate.

This includes checking battery levels, propellers, and the surrounding environment for any potential hazards.

This thorough pre-flight check will help prevent accidents and ensure a safe flight;

Before the Day of Flight

Check the Weather
Firmware Updated
App Updated
Flight Route/Area Planned
Site Survey/Obstacle Check
Shot List and Storyboard
Obtain Required Permissions
Check NOTAMS
Pre-Notification Requirements
Aircraft Batteries Charged
Controller Charged
Ground Station Charged
Equipment Packed
First Aid Kit Packed
SD Card Formatted

Immediately Before Flight

All Equipment Brought
Inspect Aircraft for Faults
Warn All Spectators
Home Point Set (Including RTH Height)
Lens Cover Removed
Gimbal Clamp Removed
SD Card in Aircraft
Check Signal Strength
Check Satellite Strength
Propellers Tightened & Free to Move
Compass Calibrated
Correct Flight Mode Selected
Batteries Properly Fitted
Batteries Correct Temperature
Check the Wind Speed
Double Check Obstacles (Powerlines, Trees, Buildings, etc.)
Take-Off and Landing Point Established Following Five Ss
Flip Antenna Out

Take-Off

Controller Turned on First
Turn on the Aircraft
Press Record
Hover for 15ft for 15 Seconds to Monitor Behaviour and Sound
Check all Controls are Responsive

Legal Consequences

Violating British drone laws can lead to severe penalties, including fines, confiscation of the drone, and even imprisonment. Always adhere to regulations to avoid legal troubles. Understanding the specific laws, such as not flying over congested areas or maintaining a safe distance from people, is crucial for compliance.

Additionally, it’s important to have the right certifications for certain types of flights. For example, commercial drone operations often require an A2 Certificate of Competency (A2 CofC) or a General Visual Line of Sight Certificate (GVC). These certifications demonstrate that the operator has undergone the necessary training and understands the regulations and safety protocols. Operating a drone without the appropriate certification for the type of flight you are performing can result in legal penalties and increased liability in the event of an incident.

Training and Certification

A2 Certificate of Competency (A2 CofC)

The A2 Certificate of Competency (A2 CofC) allows pilots to fly small drones up to 2kg “close to people”, maintaining a 50m horizontal separation distance from uninvolved people.

This certification involves online theoretical training and an online test, making it essential for operating in more restricted environments.

With the A2 CofC, you can fly small drones, such as those in the DJI Mavic series and the Parrot Anafi, under those permissions without needing extensive and expensive training or CAA Authorisation. In summary, the A2 CofC is for those who want to fly ‘small drones’ or fly in ‘low risk’ environments.

Key Benefits of the A2 CofC:

Operational Flexibility: Allows flying closer to people and in more complex environments.
Cost-Effective: Operate commercially without hefty training costs.
Suitable for Popular Models: Perfect for drones like the DJI Mavic series and Parrot Anafi.

Coptrz A2 CofC Training Package:

Lifetime Access: On-demand, up-to-date A2 video training.
Mock Examinations: Unlimited access to practice exams.
Flexible Examination: Online A2 Theory Examination at your convenience.
Electronic Certificate: CAA A2 CofC Certificate sent electronically upon successful completion.
Unlimited Support: Professional, dedicated support team available via call, email, or live chat.
Find out more here

General Visual Line of Sight Certificate (GVC)

The GVC is a necessary certification to apply to do operations in the Specific Category, enabling you to legally and safely operate drones up to 25 kg in built-up areas.

Passing the GVC course earns you the General Visual Line of Sight Certificate, which enables you to apply for an Operational Authorisation from the CAA.

The Operational Authorisation application fee is £290, payable directly to the CAA, for issuing your Authorisation. Please remember that you must apply for Operational Authorisation after you receive your certificate.

Passing the GVC does not automatically grant you this authorisation; you must complete the application process with the CAA to be legally permitted to perform more complex drone operations.

In summary, the GVC is for those who want to fly ‘large drones’ or who want to fly more complex and ‘high-risk’ flights.

Key Benefits of the GVC:

Legal Compliance: Enables you to apply for an Operational Authorisation from the CAA, which is required for Specific Category operations.
Expanded Capabilities: Allows you to operate larger drones and conduct more complex flights in built-up areas.
Professional Development: Enhances your skills and qualifications, making you a more competent and competitive drone operator.
Operational Flexibility: Suitable for commercial operations, surveying, inspection, and other professional applications.

Coptrz GVC Training Package

Coptrz offers a comprehensive GVC Training Package available in both online and classroom formats, providing flexibility to suit your learning preferences.

Classroom GVC Course Includes:

2 days in the classroom
Theory exam on the second day
1 day Flight Assessment
Access to templates on the Operations Manual, logbooks, etc.
Free Operations Manual Reviews
Award of a General Visual Line of Sight Certificate

Online GVC Course Includes:

E-Learning of GVC syllabus
CAA Approved Virtual Theory Examination
1 Day flight Assessment at the chosen location
Free Operations Manual Reviews
Award of a General Visual Line of Sight Certificate

CAA-Approved Training Provider

If you want to stand out from the crowd, you’ll need a training provider that offers CAA-approved drone training, global qualifications, and ongoing support from industry experts worldwide. Coptrz boasts a 99% pass rate from over 12,000 trained pilots in the last 12 years.

Who is Coptrz Academy For?

Individuals Starting a Drone Business: Whether you are new to the drone industry or looking to expand your skill set, Coptrz provides the necessary training to launch and grow a successful drone business.
Organisations Enhancing Operations: For organisations aiming to make their operations faster, safer, and more cost-effective, Coptrz offers tailored training to meet your specific needs.
Variety of Drone Operators: If you operate various drones (DJI, Parrot, Flyability, Wingtra), Coptrz’s training team works daily with these specific setups, providing hands-on, relevant training.
Advanced and Industry-Specific Courses: Coptrz runs exclusive OFQUAL Level 5 courses for organisations managing large, complex UAV projects with multiple pilots. Additionally, they offer industry-specific courses for surveying, inspection, and public safety.

Training Formats

Online and In-Person Training: Coptrz provides flexible training options, including online courses and in-person training at six locations across the UK. This allows you to choose the learning format that best suits your schedule and preferences.
Comprehensive Learning Platform: Coptrz Academy features a large bank of hundreds of online courses covering various aspects of drone operation and industry-specific applications. This platform ensures you have access to continuous learning and up-to-date information.
Flight Coaching and Custom Training: Coptrz offers flight coaching and custom training tailored to your specific cohort. This includes setup, applications, and specialised use of systems like thermal imaging and LiDAR technology.

Choosing Coptrz ensures you receive top-tier training that equips you with the skills and certifications needed to excel in the drone industry.

Future Changes and Developments

British drone laws are set to evolve further, with a significant update expected by 2026. This will include the implementation of a drone classification system (C0 to C4) based on weight and capability, impacting how and where drones can be flown. Staying informed about these changes is essential for all drone users to ensure ongoing compliance.

Drone Regulations and Classifications

Drone Classifications

Drone classifications are based on the weight and intended use of the drone:

C0: Drones less than 250g, including toys.
C1: Drones less than 900g or designed to minimise injury upon collision.
C2: Drones less than 4kg, equipped with low-speed modes.
C3: Drones less than 25kg, possessing automatic control modes.
C4: Traditional model aircraft without automation, less than 25kg.

These classifications determine the operational restrictions and required certifications for each drone type.

Transitional Period

The transitional period for drones without class markings has been extended until January 1, 2026. During this time, existing drones can be operated under more relaxed rules, but operators should prepare for stricter regulations in the future. The reason behind these stricter regulations may be related to the UK Government’s ‘Future of Flight Plan’ which aims to slowly phase in BVLOS flights like drone deliveries and eventually autonomous air taxis.

Privacy and Data Protection

British Drone Privacy Laws

When flying drones equipped with cameras, operators must comply with privacy laws. This includes not capturing images of people without their consent and avoiding areas where privacy is expected. The CAA provides guidelines on data protection and privacy for drone users.

Insurance and Liability

British Drone Insurance Laws

If you fly a drone or model aircraft for recreation, sport, or as a hobby, you can choose whether or not to have insurance.

If you fly for any other reason, you must have third-party insurance.

For example, you must have insurance if you:

get paid to take pictures or record video
get paid to carry out surveys
provide delivery services
use your drone for work, such as on a farm, park, or estate
use a drone in an educational setting, such as a school, college, or university

Insurance covers damages and liabilities arising from drone operations, providing financial protection in case of accidents or legal issues. Coptrz offers insurance through the Industry’s favourite, Moonrock Insurance.

Helpful Resources and Tools

Drone Assist App: Provides information on no-fly zones and airspace restrictions.
AirData UAV: Flight analytics, logging, reporting and alerting

DroneDesk: Drone operations management platform that simplifies planning safe flights by gathering essential air, weather data, and more.
CAA Website: Official source for detailed regulations and updates.
SkyWise Alerts: Sign up for CAA updates on new rules and safety information.

Staying informed about British drone laws is essential for safe and legal drone operations. By understanding and complying with the 2024 regulations, you can enjoy the benefits of drone technology while ensuring public safety and avoiding legal issues. Fly safe, and happy droning!

Want to revolutionise your organisation with drones? Speak to a drone expert for free today.